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Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks
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Once the rocks are formed from magma that rises and rises to the surface, can undergo various processes that transform them. On the one hand, they can be pulverized by erosion and its fragments, giving rise to sedimentary rocks. In addition, they can sink - or they come to the surface - and be transformed by heat and pressure, resulting in metamorphic rocks.
 Sedimentary rocks
Sedimentary rocks are composed of processed materials, formed by the accumulation and consolidation of powdered mineral material, deposited by erosion.
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 The rocks are aggregates of different minerals, Auque sometimes can consist of a single mineral. The rocks can be formed in very different ways at different depths. Once formed, outcrop. S elas found throughout the Earth's surface.
To study them, we divide the rocks into three groups, depending on how you have formed: igneous, formed by the solidification of magma, metamorphic, formed by transformation of other types and sedimentary originated from erosion material accumulated in an area concrete.
Igneous
Igneous rocks are formed by cooling and solidification of molten rock material, magma. According to the conditions under which the magma cools, the resulting rock may be coarse or fine granules.
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Minerals can appear in nature, basically, in two ways: without a definite form (amorphous) or with a well defined geometrical arrangement. To these we call crystalline minerals or just crystals.
For in a glass forming space is needed. Poe it, usually appear in the cracks and empty cavities in the rocks. They also appear as part of soft rocks, facilitating their growth.
Crystals
 Many minerals take crystalline forms of training when conditions are favorable. Crystallography is the study of growth, geometric shape and character of the crystals. The arrangement of atoms in a crystal can be determined through analysis by X-ray diffraction The crystal chemistry studies the relationship between chemical composition, the arrangement of atoms and the bonding forces between them.
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When a mineral breaks can do it in several ways:
- Exfoliation: means that the mineral can be separated by flat surfaces parallel to the real faces. Examples: mica, galena, fluorite and gypsum.
- Laminated or fibrous: when presented an uneven surface in the form of chips or fibers. Example: actinolite.
- Uneven: the fracture is smooth and gentle curve, such as showing a shell on the inside. Examples: flint and obsidian.
- Hooked: when a rough surface and irregular, with sharp and jagged edges. Examples: magnetite and native copper.
- Lisa is the one that presents a smooth and regular.
- Earthy: is that leaving a fracture surface with granular or powdery appearance.
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Physical properties of minerals
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We can classify minerals by their physical properties, optical, electrical, magnetic and chemical composition, although the latter is the usual method, and most can be identified by spectroscopic and even visual observation. However, chemical analysis is the only way to accurately identify the nature of a mineral.
 The physical properties are of great importance in the study of minerals. Many can be easily seen, or use a spectroscope.
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