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The fundamental principles of ethics. It does not
claim to be exhaustive, but its author would welcome it may invite additional
reactions, generate debate, and possibly other substantive articles.The ethical
obligations which agrees to abide by the conference interpreter when it becomes
a member of the aiic can be summarized in three words: confidentiality - probity
- collegiality.
The professional secrecy is governed by Article 2 of the Code of
Professional Ethics:
Confidentiality is the first under an interpreter. The professional
secrecy is also the first quality that the interpreter is often argued when he
pleads his case with a suspicious score: all non-public information which "pass"
by the interpreter to remain forever buried in his memory (if not forgotten!),
and will never be assigned, directly or indirectly, to others.
This provision is particularly important for meetings of a political
nature, where journalists are constantly on the lookout for new information,
requires an interpreter absolute silence: it may be appropriate not to disclose
the date, venue Or until the holding or not a meeting and let the content of
debates, even envisagement responding to general questions.
Similarly, meetings intended to disclose to an audience chosen future
plans (for example, a company on a given market economy), of course call
privacy.
In a less "hot", meetings involving people (candidates, elections,
discussions of specific cases) or bodies (composition of governing bodies,
reshuffle statutes, etc..) Require the utmost discretion, bodies accountable to
choose for themselves the timing and circumstances of public dissemination of
such information.
In some cases, the information may seem irrelevant to the interpreter, but
nevertheless be of some importance; believe the meetings are released figures
(sales, turnover, economic developments) or technical information (always
capable of attract competitors). Finally, just as it does not repeat what was
said during the conference, the interpreter, even though it "does not think
less", did not give his personal feelings about what s That is past.
Confidentiality is therefore concerned with what has been said about what
the interpreter may think personally on the content (including documentation)
and annexes on the circumstances of the meeting (including those present or
not), whatever the importance that the interpreter can give this information:
who knows by whom they could be used, and what?
De step by step, we realize that it is not vain to require the interpreter
a "professional secrecy total and absolute." This character "absolute" applies
to all unauthorized persons: the interpreter might want to confide in close, but
it must not forget that these relatives, whatever it may have confidence in them
, Are not necessarily as sensitive as its confidentiality is respected.
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Abolition of professional secrecy
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Business
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The bill on "crime prevention" offers the "shared secret" to the mayors of
access to medical information, psychiatric, social and school of their fellow
citizens. They can use them to manage the allocation of families "deviant".
The mayor is informed immediately by the local police or
gendarmerie national offences causing a disturbance to public order committed on
the territory of his commune.
"The mayor is informed, upon request by the prosecutor, without rankings
Subsequently, alternatives to prosecution or prosecution when such decisions
concern offences mentioned in the first paragraph.
"The mayor is also informed, upon request by the prosecutor, the judgement
became final or appeals when such decisions concern offences mentioned in the
first paragraph or reported by him under the second paragraph of Article 40 the
Code of Criminal Procedure.
When a professional social action, as defined in Article L.
116-1, noted that the worsening social problems, educational material or a
person or a family called the intervention of several professionals, it shall
inform the mayor of the municipality of residence and the president of the
General Council. Article 226-13 of the Penal Code does not apply to persons who
transmit confidential information on the conditions and the purposes set out in
this paragraph.
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I leave training, my annual leave entitlement is it still active
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Public Service of State
Under Law No. 84-16 of January 11, 1984 amended the statutory provisions
relating to the Civil Service of State (article 34, 6), the officer on leave
vocational training is considered active.
Decree No. 84-972 of 26 October 1984 on annual leave State officials
states in Article 1 that "any official of the state has the right [...] activity
for one year of service completed January 1 to December 31, annual leave for a
period equal to five times its obligations weekly service. [...] Leave provided
for in Article 34 and Article 53, 3rd paragraph of the law of January 11, 1984
above are considered for the purposes of these provisions, as service completed.
"
Thus, he is on leave from training or depending on his workstation, the
official exercising his right to annual leave under the same conditions during
the period for which it is due, without any possibility of postponement or d
'Compensation.
It is therefore considered only after a training leave the official is
right for the calendar year to an annual leave (see question modalities 2).
Agents non-tenured
Article 27 of Decree No. 86-83 of 17 January 1986 on the general
provisions applicable to non-permanent staff of the State stipulates that "for
determining the length of service required for eligibility for leave under Title
III (annual leave, leave for training ...) leave under Articles 10 and leave
including vocational training are similar to periods of actual activity.
Therefore for the determination of benefits related to the duration of
Employment and especially the right to annual leave, the period spent on leave
vocational training by the official holder is not taken into account. Article 10
of Decree complete "the agent non-tenured active entitled, taking into account
the length of service, annual leave whose duration and eligibility criteria are
identical to those of annual leave of staff provided by Decree No. 84-972 of 26
October 1984.
Workers of the State
Finally, the rule is the same for workers of the state under Article 15 of
Decree No. 81-334 dated 7 April 1981: "The workers referred to in Article 1 of
Decree are entitled for three early years of presence in the hotel until they
reach the age of twenty years of age, to leave to attend a training action after
receiving the approval of the State. Such approval is granted by order of
Minister of Civil Service. The right to leave is open to interested parties once
they have completed six months of staffing services. This leave is treated as an
actual service. The duration of the leave, which may not exceed 200 hours per
year, can be deducted from the amount of paid leave annually. "
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The mirror the Larks of European football
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Business
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Behind the ball, precarious contracts and abuse of
young players
Didier Drogba or Ronaldo are role models for thousands of young African or
South American, for whom professional football is a dream and a way out of
poverty. But football stars are the exception: Most young people from studying
in Europe have contracts, and lose if they do not quickly prove themselves.
Victims of unscrupulous agents, they sometimes become illegal without means to
return home. How to tackle this genuine human trafficking?
The money, fame and success ... life-profile football stars in a more
fascinating! How many are there in Africa, South America and in other parts of
the world to expect the same exceptional destiny?
A "human trafficking" well oiled
Surfing on that hope, some unscrupulous travel agents football fields in
Africa or elsewhere. Betting on a young player, they offer help to try his luck
in a European club: his family will have the airfare to pay.
Even if the rules of the Federation International de Football Association
(FIFA) prohibit the transfer of players under 18 years, officials did not
hesitate sometimes to lie about the age of minors to obtain papers. Once in
Europe, if they do not quickly prove themselves in a club, many young people
find themselves without contracts, without agents, undocumented ... and without
means to return to their country.
Testimony at a hearing at the European Parliament
Jean-Claude Mbvoumin is a former international player of Cameroon. He now
chairs the association Culture Foot Solidaire and this is the way he spoke at
the hearing held at Parliament on February 28 last, on the role of sport in
education. "One can clearly speak of trafficking of young players, mainly from
Africa," he explained.
According to him, African players offer for clubs, the best value for
money. "Some clubs offer contracts to very young players, just to see how they
evolve. If after several years playing in small clubs they did not demonstrate
their talent, their contracts are not renewed. "In these cases, young people are
unwilling or unable to return to their countries of origin, and they come in
illegally.
The President of Culture Foot Solidaire has estimated that 48% of players
from French football leagues were of foreign origin, with an average age of 18
years and 6 months. A problem that does not, however, that France, but all
European countries. The latest scandal published in the press implies a Danish
club and young Nigerian.
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The presumption of occupational injury and occupational accidents and diseases
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On the eve of its 20th anniversary, the presumption
of occupational injury of Article 28 AIAOD continues to arouse great interest.
The application of this presumption provides the worker to prove that he
suffered an accident at travail2. To qualify, however, the latter must show: 1)
he suffered an injury and 2) that it has arrived at the workplace 3) while he
was in his work.
The Committee on Occupational Injuries (CLP) had, during the last year,
the opportunity to decide on a few occasions on the interpretation of the second
condition for applying the presumption, or 'arrival in the workplace, and on the
extent of the burden of proof of worker arising therefrom.We focus here on this
second condition for the application. We do not comment on the jurisprudence of
the CLP dealing with the concept of injury nor that concerning the
interpretation of the third condition3.
An injury arrival in the workplace
With regard to the concept of injury, the jurisprudence of the CLP is
generally acknowledged its existence when the injury resulted from an outside
agent venerate or trauma. Thus, when a doctor diagnosed a sprain, it is usually
recognized as an injury.
In the case Welfare Centre and rehabilitation of the North Shore and
Lefrançois4, the worker, an intervener in residential, alleged that he suffered
a sprained back in stretching to take a pint of milk "in a refrigerator.
Proceeding to analyses the conditions for opening the presumption of
occupational injury of Article 28 AIAOD, the Commissioner has initially
concluded the presence of an injury because of a sprained diagnosis posed by the
doctor who charge . Continuing his reasoning, he concludes, however, the
inapplicability of the presumption:
Indeed, the court does not believe that the evidence demonstrates that the
sprain is "arrival at the workplace" as required by Article 28. For this
presumption applies, these three elements must be proven predominantly by the
worker. In drafting article 28, the legislature has chosen to use terms that
make it is not sufficient to demonstrate that the injury occurred in the
workplace or pains were felt in this place. The legislature has indeed required
proof that the injury is' arrival in the workplace. "
However, for a sprain happens in the workplace, we must be in the presence
of a sudden movement distortion as mentioned in the definitions of use and the
jurisprudence of this court. The court can only note that on September 21, 2003,
9 am 00, no distortion sudden movement has occurred since the woman looked so
normal stretching his arms just as normal. Consequently, it is impossible to
believe, under the specific circumstances of this case, that a sudden movement
of distortion has then been able to occur and cause a sprain.
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Welcome to the website of the Swiss federal authorities!
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Business
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Information and communication are among the essential tasks of management and
government administration. Citizens have a legitimate aspiration, but also a
right to be informed in a timely and comprehensive manner by their authorities.
We attach to their satisfaction by means of modern communication and updating of
our offer.
What strikes you immediately about this site is its multilingualism.
Switzerland is a mosaic of four languages, french, German, Italian and Romansh,
and their coexistence is an important element of its cultural diversity. That is
why our Internet content are written at least three languages, sometimes even
five as some reports also exist in Romansch and English.
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The rating for maintenance work the experimentation.
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Business
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A decree 2007 - 1365 published in the Official
Journal of 19 September 2007 and implementing Article 55a of Act 84-16 of 11
January 1984 (Public Service Statute of the State), authorizes the government to
be voluntary instead, for the years 2007 to 2009, a system of professional
maintenance replacing the current rating assessment from the decree of 29 April
2002. This device is an integral part of the law 2007-148 modernization of the
Civil Service published in the Journal dated February 6, 2007. It is noteworthy
that this decree was published the same day expressed the President of the
Republic of the IRA NANTES, advocating modernization of PAS.
After Article 55 of Law of 11 January 1984 is inserted an Article 55a
reads:
"In the years 2007, 2008 and 2009, government departments can be
authorized, on an experimental basis, and notwithstanding the provisions of the
first paragraph of Article 17 of Title I of the general status and 55 of this
Act, rely on a professional to assess the value of professional staff taken into
account in the implementation of Articles 57 and 58.The Government submits
annually to the top of the Civil Service of the State a review of this
experiment. It also presents the results to Parliament before March 31, 2010.A
decree of the Council of State determines the procedure for implementing this
article. "
The arrangements put in place derogates from the principle that
administrative note reflects the professional value of the agent, as established
in Article 17 of the Act of July 13, 1983 and Article 55 of the Law of 11
January 1984.
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